Aristotle+G+p.+106-107

__**Translate each section separately. Make sure that you summarize and get to the heart of his logical argument.

Section 11.**__ This starts with how men measure their happiness, and they do it by measuring it against other men's lives even though "all of a man's friends should not affect his happiness", but that statement is "opposed to the opinions men hold" **because man would not like to think that their feelings should depend on others rather than himself (106). Aristotle then includes suffering and whether it befalls one dead or alive because a suffering that affects the dead is ,"negligible...at least...in such a degree and kind as not to make happy those who not happy nor to take away their blessedness from those who are" (106). They are negligible because men measure their happiness from other men's lives not from the dead's misfortunes,a nd that is why the dead barely affects our happiness. -Joy Sales. Aristotle claims that the "good or bad fortunes of friends" (106) effect the dead slightly, but it is so small that it will not produce a change. Therefore, the living do slightly effect the dead. * Sydnie Dobkin. **It is not so much that the dead have no effect on man's happiness, rather that only the dead are unaffected by others happiness or unhappiness. Aristotle is therefore implying that all are affected by the happiness of our friends. (Mary Liu)

__**Section 12.**__ Aristotle begins with, "let us consider whether happiness is among the things that are praised...or prized; for clearly it is not to be placed among potentialties" (106). Aristotle raises the question of whether happiness is a worldly idea that is praised or if it is a transcendant idea that should be prized. He then says, "everything that is praised...is of a certain kind and is related somehow to something else" (106), which means that praise does not come from nothing. Rather, how we praise one person relates to how we praise another, and both subjects are, "related in a certain way to something good and important", and that 'something' is the measure by which we praise others. The Aristotle distinguishes, "what applies to the best things is not praise, but something greater and better" (107), but rather it is prized or "blessed". Things that are blessed are not praised because they are better because you cannot compare divine things to human standards like how "it seems absurd that the gods should be referred to our standard" (106). We prize those blessed things because "reference to these, all other things are judged" (107). Then Aristotle concludes that happiness is a prized thing because it is the "first principle" (the telos) for our postive actions for a good life. -Joy Sales Aristotle says that we praise things that are both good and important. It must be "of a certain kind", meaning that it must stand out among the many, while still being "related somehow to something else". (106). This usually means that in order to be praised, it must be in reference to something else, something of an ultimate good. We praise those things that are the most godlike, because it reminds us of the blessed and happy. Ultimately, he says that the most divine things are prized because they are a representation of the ultimate good in the world. Aristotle says that "everything that is praised" is praised because of its relation to something else (106). Nothing can be considered good if there is no bad, and it's the same way with praise- harmony of opposites (Heraclitus). Justice is in a different realm than happiness. Justice is "blessed", "divine", and "better" (107). * Sydnie Dobkin